Semiconductor topography refers to the three-dimensional configuration of integrated circuits (also known as electronic chips) and other microelectronic components. In intellectual property law, it is a specific object of protection, distinct from patents or copyright, allowing the creator or designer to prevent unauthorised reproduction of the layout of the elements on the chip.
The application must be filed within two years of the first commercial use, or 15 years after creation if it has not yet been used. If the topography must be the result of intellectual effort and not be commonplace in the semiconductor industry to be valid, only a formal examination is carried out by the French Patent and Trademark Office (INPI).
Once registered with the INPI, the topography is protected for a period of 10 years. The protection gives the owner an exclusive right of use, including the manufacture, import, marketing, and unauthorised reproduction of the topography.
While this protection could enable companies to secure their microelectronic innovations, it is rarely, if ever, used by the semiconductor industry, which generally prefers the protection afforded by patents.